CIVILIZATION, CIVILIZERS, RELIGION, AND ECONOMY

It is not difficult to see the relationship among civilization, civilizers, religion and economy. By just reading from online resources, I have made a stronger resolve on my previous observations that the economy of a civilization was hugely influenced by civilizers and their religion. Most people however, associated the economy of a civilization on politics and political policies. But, politics and political policies were in itself primarily influenced by the civilizers who themselves have personal religious beliefs. For example, the United Arab Emirates and Canada were once a British colony. Singapore was another. Brunei also was a British colony. Another was Hong Kong. The British had also been to Turkey and Lebanon. In fact, Lebanon was once labeled as the Switzerland of the Mid-East. Economically speaking, the said nations are well above Argentina, Mexico, Philippines, Brazil and etc.

MANILA HEMP OR ABACA

The revival for the utilization of hemp fibers, locally called abaca is very interesting considering the material is biodegradable. In the late 50’s and up to the early parts of the 70’s most of the natives, the ‘Bilaans’ and the ‘Manobos’ in the Southern part of the Philippines especially in Kidalapong, Malita, Davao del Sur would come to work in clothes made of abaca fibers or 'tinalak'. The natives processed the fibers into very colorful threads that are hand-woven into cloth. The colors usually simulate natural vegetations. The cloths were hand-sewn into vest and below the knee short pants. These are usually decorated with colorful beads as additional camouflage. Bells were also sewn into hemlines to drive away harmful animals in the thicket where most natives dwell.
Another use with which the natives have employed abaca or hemp fibers was those of ropes as bundling material.

Besides the Philippines, Panama is another major exporter of abaca to the United States. In 1952 alone, Panama exported about US$ 1.5 million to the US. The fibers were used for the manufacture of cords and jute bags (Biesanz 1955).

Some other countries have been importing abaca fibers from the Philippines too. Germany for example, for about 50 years now has been utilizing abaca fibers in many ways. They use the fibers as yarn materials for upholstery of couches, beds, and chairs. In 2005, Mercedez Benz indicated the utilization of the fibers in its manufactured cars (Manila Bulletin 2005).

Works Cited
Adams, Phoebe-Lou. 1999. Brief Reviews. The Atlantic Monthly, March, 116. http://www.questia.com/
Biesanz, Mavis, and John Biesanz. 1955. The People of Panama. New York: Columbia University Press. http://www.questia.com/
Catanduanes Fiber Industry Fast Recovering, FIDA Says. 2009. Manila Bulletin, July 11, NA. http://www.questia.com/
Cotabato Gears Up for T'nalak Festival. 2006. Manila Bulletin, June 26, NA. http://www.questia.com/
The Magical Essence of Abaca. 2006. Manila Bulletin, March 26, NA. http://www.questia.com/
Mindanao High-Value Crops Top RP Exports. 2007. Manila Bulletin, October 26, NA. http://www.questia.com/
National Resources Planning Board. 1943. Industrial Location and National Resources: December, 1942. National Resources Planning Board. Washington, DC: U.S. Govt. Print. Off. http://www.questia.com/
S Cotabato Offers a Variety of Choices. 2006. Manila Bulletin, August 28, NA. http://www.questia.com/
50 Years of RP-German Relations. July 2, 2005. Manila Bulletin. http://www.questia.com/

THE 21st CENTURY FARMERS

It was always difficult to argue with farmers who seemed to have mastered the trade especially in the 21st century. Their practices though are a lot different from those which I have seen in the 60's. In the past, or up until the late 20th century, farmers would leave at least a fourth of the fruits of the land for the poor, the destitute, the birds and other organisms to harvest. But today, not even the birds are allowed in farmlands. They have scarecrows to drive them away. There seems to be no use to bother. So, similar to others I continued to be a mere observer and consumer. Most farmers complain through the media of the poor returns of investments after their harvest. I regularly purchase similar goods in the market and they are usually expensive. So, I thought the poor supply must be the reason.

Yesterday however, after a heavy deluge in the North, thousands of hectares of farmlands were submerged exposing to the whole world the simple truth. The vastness of tilled lands and the volume of farm products could be supportive of cheaper marketable goods to ease the hunger of the needy and the destitute. Nontheless, the farmers, vendors, middlemen and their dependents who were all crying for rescue, almost submerged with their farms could only mean one thing. For years while they have kept the bounty to themselves, nature saw to it that they can really keep it for themselves forever, but, under water and under the soil.

KNOWING HOW TO LIVE ALONE

This is one of my favortie essay featured by Lynn Quitman Troyka in 1990, in her book Simon & Schuster Handbook for Writers, 2nd edition, Prentice Hall International, London.

The first paragraph is the introduction. This contains a brief indentity of the situation. The last sentence is the thesis statement.

"Alone one is never lonely," quotes May Sarton in her essay "The Rewards of Living A Solitary Life." Most people, however, are terrified of living alone. They are used to living with others-children with parents, roomates with roomates, friends with friends, husbands and wives. When the statistics catch up with them, therefore, they are rarely prepared. Chances are high that most adult men and women will need to know how to live alone, briefly or longer, at some time in their lives" (Troyka 76).

The second paragraph contains some important information that are related to the last sentence or the thesis statement. It gives background to the thesis.

"In the United States, circumstances often force people to live alone. For example, many high school and college graduates move away from their hometowns to continue their educations or take jobs. Most schools assign roomates, but employers usually expect people to take care of their living arrangements. Also, married people might feel they will always be together, but recent news reports say that one out of two marriages ends in divorce. An even sadder statistic concerns the death of a spouce. Estimates are that in the next twenty years eight out of ten married women will become widows, usually late in life. These facts show that most people have to live by themselves at least once in their lives whether they want to or not" (Troyka 76).

The 3rd paragraph is a series of statements that contitutes the 1st support ideas for the thesis. This is the first concrete foundation giving strenght to the proposition, thus, maintaining the argument.

"One good way to prepare for living alone is to learn how to take care of practical matters. For example, some students and newly single people might not know how to do something as simple as opening a checking account. When making arrangements alone, they might be too tense to find out that they can compare banks as well as the benefits of various types of accounts. Similarly, making major purchases is something people living alone might have to handle. When divorced or widowed people were married, perhaps the other spouse did the choosing or the couple made the decisions together. But, how long can a person manage with a refrigerator that can not be repaired or a car that will not run? After shopping around and making price comparisons, most people find that these decisions are much less complicated than they seem at first" (Troyka 76-77).

The 4th paragraph contains a series of statements and is the 2nd support idea for the argument stated as thesis of the composition.

"The confidence that single people get from learning to deal with practical matters can boost their chances for establishing new friendships. When singles feel self-reliant, they can have an easier time getting out and meeting new people. For instance, some students are in the habit of always going to classes with a friend. When they break this dependency, they can be pleasantly surprised to find that they can concentrate better on the course and also have a chance to make new friends. Likewise, the idea of going alone to the beach or to parties can paralyze some singles. Once they make the attempt, however, people alone usually find that almost everyone welcomes a new, friendly face" (Troyka 77).

The 5th paragraph contains a series of statements that gives 3rd and final foundations for the main argument.

"Probably the most difficult problem for people living alone is dealing with feelings of loneliness. First, they have to understand the feeling. Some people confuse being alone with feeling lonely. They need to remember that unhappinly arried people can feel very lonely with spouses, and anyone can suffer from loneliness is a room crowded with friends. Second, people living alone have to fight any tendencies to get depressed. Depression can lead to much unhappiness, including compulsive behavior like overeating or spending too much money. Depression can also drive people to fill the feeling of emptiness by getting into relationships or jobs that they do not truly want. Third, people living alone need to get involved in useful and pleasurable activities, such as voluteering their services to help others" (Troyka 77-78).

Finally, the last paragraph contains the concluding sentences which is an encouragement for keeping oneself informed.

"People need to ask themselves, "If I had to live alone starting tomorrow morning, would I know how?" If the answer is "No," they need to become conscious of what living alone alone calls for. People who face up to life usually do not have to hide from it later on (Troyka 78).

PERSUASIVE WRITING

Lynn Quitman Troyka in Simon and Schuster Handbook for Writers, Prentice Hall International, London, 1990, featured this sample persuasive essay. The piece is focused on influencing the readers. It is also argumentative piece as it was aimed at convincing the audience. Notice that the objective of this writing was to change the mind of the reader with presented opinion which is backed by strong, sensible, and logical reasoning.

"The search for some biological basis for math ability or disability is fraught with logical and experimental difficulties. Since not all math under-achievers are women, and not all women are mathematics-avoidant, poor performance in math is likely to be due to some genetic or hormonal differences between sexes. Moreover, no amount of research so far has unearth a "mathematical competency" in some tangible, measurable substance in the body. Since "musculinity" cannot be injected into women to test whether or not it improves their mathematics, the theories that attribute such ability to genes or hormones must depend for their proof on circumstantial evidence. So long as about 7 percent of the Ph.D.'s in mathematics are earned by women, we have to conclude either that these women have genes, hormones, and brain organization different from those of the rest of us, or that certain positive experiences in their lives have largely undone the negative fact that they are female, or both" (Troyka 6).

INFORMATIVE WRITING

The following passage was written by Lyn Quitman Troyka in her 1990 edition of Simon and Schuster Handbook for Writers, Prentice Hall international, London. This was aimed at giving concrete example of writing clear, complete, accurate, and verifiable report. Notice that the writing piece contains very little bias, and the information can be counter-checked. The focus is on the subject.

"In 1914 in what is now Addo Park in South Africa, a hunter by the name of Pretorious was asked to exterminate a herd of 140 elephants. He killed all but 20, and those survivors became so cunning at evading him that he was forced to abandon the hunt. The area became a preserve in 1930, and the elephants have been protected ever since. Nevertheless, elephants now four generations removed from those Pretorious hunted remain shy and strangely nocturnal. Young elephants evedently learn from the adults' trumpeting alarm calls to avoid humans" (Troyka 4-5).